Your SD being on leave is probably part of the issue, but it still shouldn't be this bad.
At this point, honestly, I would pull up the TM handbook on Workday (when I pull it up as a PDF it's on page 27...see below) and meet with the ETL-HR. Show them this and then get an answer as to why your store is consistently posting schedules way past their deadline. Be polite but firm. Mention that this practice is not contributing to work/life balance and ask when this will be fixed. If you feel they still aren't taking you seriously, you may even end the meeting by asking them to write down the number for the Integrity Hotline (hint - this is also in the TM handbook and is 1-800-541-6838 - but maybe with this will light a fire under someone's ass).
Note that escalating things to the hotline should always be your last resort, but it sounds like your store may almost be there. I'd be surprised if nobody has done this already. Posting the schedule this late is just not normal.
(FYI - from the TM handbook)
see your schedule
Schedules are posted every Thursday by noon, 10 days before the first day of the schedule (unless otherwise required by applicable law). You may also view your schedule at your store or by voluntarily downloading and using the myTime Mobile app on your smartphone. Sales and workload fluctuations may occur and result in additional hours being offered to you by your leader. Picking up additional hours or shifts is voluntary and will be communicated to team members as proactively as possible. If you report to work for a scheduled shift and a decision is made to reduce operational hours for that shift, you will be paid for at least three hours (in some states, at least four hours). This does not apply if you volunteer to leave early.